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RequestResolver.ts

Resolves data requests made with Effect.request.

A Request describes what a fiber needs, while a RequestResolver describes how to collect request entries, group them into batches, run backend work, and complete each waiting entry. This module includes constructors for common resolver shapes and tools for controlling batching, grouping, delays, tracing, caching, racing, hooks around resolver execution, and persistence.

Since v2.0.0



Wraps a request resolver with persistent storage for persistable requests.

When to use

Use to keep a RequestResolver interface while reusing completed Persistable request results through a Persistence store.

Details

Cached results are loaded from the configured persistence store before running the underlying resolver. Missing entries are resolved normally and written back to the store. Entries marked stale by staleWhileRevalidate receive the stored result and are also resolved again so the refreshed result can be written back to the store. Creating the persisted resolver requires Persistence.Persistence and Scope.

See

  • withCache for in-memory resolver caching that does not require persistable request values or a persistence store
  • asCache for exposing resolver results through a Cache instead of returning another resolver

Signature

declare const persisted: {
<A extends Request.Request<any, Persistence.PersistenceError | Schema.SchemaError, any> & Persistable.Any>(options: {
readonly storeId: string
readonly timeToLive?: ((exit: Request.Result<A>, request: A) => Duration.Input) | undefined
readonly staleWhileRevalidate?: ((exit: Request.Result<A>, request: A) => boolean) | undefined
}): (self: RequestResolver<A>) => Effect.Effect<RequestResolver<A>, never, Persistence.Persistence | Scope>
<A extends Request.Request<any, Persistence.PersistenceError | Schema.SchemaError, any> & Persistable.Any>(
self: RequestResolver<A>,
options: {
readonly storeId: string
readonly timeToLive?: ((exit: Request.Result<A>, request: A) => Duration.Input) | undefined
readonly staleWhileRevalidate?: ((exit: Request.Result<A>, request: A) => boolean) | undefined
}
): Effect.Effect<RequestResolver<A>, never, Persistence.Persistence | Scope>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Wraps a request resolver in a cache, allowing it to cache results up to a specified capacity and optional time-to-live.

When to use

Use to turn a request resolver into a first-class Cache when callers need cache lookup, refresh, invalidation, or inspection around request results.

Details

The request value is the cache key. Cache misses run the resolver via Effect.request, timeToLive receives the request Exit and the request, and requireServicesAt controls whether services are required at lookup time or construction time.

Gotchas

Cache hits depend on the request value’s equality semantics.

See

  • withCache for keeping caching behind a resolver used with Effect.request
  • persisted for storing persistable request results outside process memory
  • Cache.Cache for operations available on the returned cache

Signature

declare const asCache: {
<A extends Request.Any, ServiceMode extends "lookup" | "construction" = never>(options: {
readonly capacity: number
readonly timeToLive?: ((exit: Request.Result<A>, request: A) => Duration.Input) | undefined
readonly requireServicesAt?: ServiceMode | undefined
}): (
self: RequestResolver<A>
) => Effect.Effect<
Cache.Cache<
A,
Request.Success<A>,
Request.Error<A>,
"construction" extends ServiceMode ? never : Request.Services<A>
>,
never,
"construction" extends ServiceMode ? Request.Services<A> : never
>
<A extends Request.Any, ServiceMode extends "lookup" | "construction" = never>(
self: RequestResolver<A>,
options: {
readonly capacity: number
readonly timeToLive?: ((exit: Request.Result<A>, request: A) => Duration.Input) | undefined
readonly requireServicesAt?: ServiceMode | undefined
}
): Effect.Effect<
Cache.Cache<
A,
Request.Success<A>,
Request.Error<A>,
"construction" extends ServiceMode ? never : Request.Services<A>
>,
never,
"construction" extends ServiceMode ? Request.Services<A> : never
>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Adds a bounded in-memory cache to a request resolver.

When to use

Use to reuse completed results for repeated equal request values while still passing a RequestResolver to Effect.request.

Details

Running the returned effect creates the cache and returns a wrapped resolver. The cache stores completed success or failure results by request equality up to capacity. The strategy option controls eviction order and defaults to "lru"; "fifo" keeps insertion order.

Gotchas

Entries do not expire by time, and completed failures are cached the same as successes. Request equality controls cache hits.

See

  • asCache for exposing the resolver as a Cache with time-to-live and service lookup controls
  • persisted for backing persistable requests with the configured persistence store

Signature

declare const withCache: {
<A extends Request.Any>(options: {
readonly capacity: number
readonly strategy?: "lru" | "fifo" | undefined
}): (self: RequestResolver<A>) => Effect.Effect<RequestResolver<A>>
<A extends Request.Any>(
self: RequestResolver<A>,
options: { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "lru" | "fifo" | undefined }
): Effect.Effect<RequestResolver<A>>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Wraps request resolver execution between before and after effects.

Example (Running effects around request resolution)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDataRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetDataRequest"
}
const GetDataRequest = Request.tagged<GetDataRequest>("GetDataRequest")
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed("data"))
}
})
)
// Add setup and cleanup around request execution
const resolverWithAround = RequestResolver.around(
resolver,
(entries) =>
Effect.gen(function* () {
yield* Effect.log(`Starting batch of ${entries.length} requests`)
return entries.length
}),
(entries, initialSize) =>
Effect.gen(function* () {
yield* Effect.log(`Batch completed with ${entries.length} requests (started with ${initialSize})`)
})
)

Signature

declare const around: {
<A extends Request.Any, A2, X>(
before: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<NoInfer<A>>>) => Effect.Effect<A2, Request.Error<A>>,
after: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<NoInfer<A>>>, a: A2) => Effect.Effect<X, Request.Error<A>>
): (self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A>
<A extends Request.Any, A2, X>(
self: RequestResolver<A>,
before: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<NoInfer<A>>>) => Effect.Effect<A2, Request.Error<A>>,
after: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<NoInfer<A>>>, a: A2) => Effect.Effect<X, Request.Error<A>>
): RequestResolver<A>
}

Source

Since v2.0.0

Returns a request resolver that collects at most n requests into each batch.

Details

When more than n requests are waiting for the same resolver and batch key, the current batch is run and additional requests are collected into later batches.

Example (Limiting parallel request batches)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDataRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetDataRequest"
readonly id: number
}
const GetDataRequest = Request.tagged<GetDataRequest>("GetDataRequest")
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
console.log(`Processing batch of ${entries.length} requests`)
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`data-${entry.request.id}`))
}
})
)
// Limit batches to maximum 5 requests
const limitedResolver = RequestResolver.batchN(resolver, 5)
// When more than 5 requests are made, they'll be split into multiple batches
const requests = Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) => Effect.request(GetDataRequest({ id: i }), limitedResolver))

Signature

declare const batchN: {
(n: number): <A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A>
<A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>, n: number): RequestResolver<A>
}

Source

Since v2.0.0

Transforms a request resolver by grouping requests using the specified key function.

Example (Grouping resolver requests)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetUserRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetUserRequest"
readonly userId: number
readonly department: string
}
const GetUserRequest = Request.tagged<GetUserRequest>("GetUserRequest")
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetUserRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
console.log(`Processing ${entries.length} users`)
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`User ${entry.request.userId}`))
}
})
)
// Group requests by department for more efficient processing
const groupedResolver = RequestResolver.grouped(resolver, ({ request }) => request.department)
// Requests for the same department will be batched together
const requests = [
Effect.request(GetUserRequest({ userId: 1, department: "Engineering" }), groupedResolver),
Effect.request(GetUserRequest({ userId: 2, department: "Engineering" }), groupedResolver),
Effect.request(GetUserRequest({ userId: 3, department: "Marketing" }), groupedResolver)
]

Signature

declare const grouped: {
<A extends Request.Any, K>(f: (entry: Request.Entry<A>) => K): (self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A>
<A extends Request.Any, K>(self: RequestResolver<A>, f: (entry: Request.Entry<A>) => K): RequestResolver<A>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Returns a request resolver that sends each batch to both resolvers and completes with the first resolver to finish.

Details

The losing resolver run is interrupted after the winning resolver completes the batch.

Example (Racing request resolvers)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDataRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetDataRequest"
readonly id: number
}
const GetDataRequest = Request.tagged<GetDataRequest>("GetDataRequest")
// Fast resolver (simulating cache)
const fastResolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.gen(function* () {
yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`fast-${entry.request.id}`))
}
})
)
// Slow resolver (simulating database)
const slowResolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.gen(function* () {
yield* Effect.sleep("100 millis")
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`slow-${entry.request.id}`))
}
})
)
// Race resolvers - will use whichever completes first
const racingResolver = RequestResolver.race(fastResolver, slowResolver)

Signature

declare const race: {
<A2 extends Request.Any>(
that: RequestResolver<A2>
): <A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A2 & A>
<A extends Request.Any, A2 extends Request.Any>(
self: RequestResolver<A>,
that: RequestResolver<A2>
): RequestResolver<A & A2>
}

Source

Since v2.0.0

Adds a tracing span to the request resolver, which will also add any span links from the request’s.

Example (Adding a tracing span)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDataRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetDataRequest"
readonly id: number
}
const GetDataRequest = Request.tagged<GetDataRequest>("GetDataRequest")
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`data-${entry.request.id}`))
}
})
)
// Add tracing span with custom name and attributes
const tracedResolver = RequestResolver.withSpan(resolver, "user-data-resolver", {
attributes: {
"resolver.type": "user-data",
"resolver.version": "1.0"
}
})
// Spans will automatically include batch size and request links
const effect = Effect.request(GetDataRequest({ id: 123 }), tracedResolver)

Signature

declare const withSpan: {
<A extends Request.Any>(
name: string,
options?: Tracer.SpanOptions | ((entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>) => Tracer.SpanOptions) | undefined
): (self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A>
<A extends Request.Any>(
self: RequestResolver<A>,
name: string,
options?: Tracer.SpanOptions | ((entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>) => Tracer.SpanOptions) | undefined
): RequestResolver<A>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Constructs a request resolver from an effectual function.

Example (Creating a resolver from an effectful function)

import { Effect, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetUserFromAPIRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetUserFromAPIRequest"
readonly id: number
}
const GetUserFromAPIRequest = Request.tagged<GetUserFromAPIRequest>("GetUserFromAPIRequest")
// Create a resolver that uses effects (like HTTP calls)
const UserAPIResolver = RequestResolver.fromEffect<GetUserFromAPIRequest>((entry) =>
Effect.gen(function* () {
// Simulate an API call
yield* Effect.sleep("100 millis")
// Just return the result without error handling for simplicity
return `User ${entry.request.id} from API`
})
)
// Usage
const getUserEffect = Effect.request(GetUserFromAPIRequest({ id: 123 }), UserAPIResolver)

Signature

declare const fromEffect: <A extends Request.Any>(
f: (entry: Request.Entry<A>) => Effect.Effect<Request.Success<A>, Request.Error<A>>
) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v2.0.0

Constructs a request resolver from a list of tags paired to functions, that takes a list of requests and returns a list of results of the same size. Each item in the result list must correspond to the item at the same index in the request list.

Example (Handling tagged request batches)

import { Effect, RequestResolver } from "effect"
import type { Request } from "effect"
interface GetUser extends Request.Request<string, Error> {
readonly _tag: "GetUser"
readonly id: number
}
interface GetPost extends Request.Request<string, Error> {
readonly _tag: "GetPost"
readonly id: number
}
type MyRequest = GetUser | GetPost
// Create a resolver that handles different request types
const MyResolver = RequestResolver.fromEffectTagged<MyRequest>()({
GetUser: (requests) => Effect.succeed(requests.map((req) => `User ${req.request.id}`)),
GetPost: (requests) => Effect.succeed(requests.map((req) => `Post ${req.request.id}`))
})

Signature

declare const fromEffectTagged: <A extends Request.Any & { readonly _tag: string }>() => <
Fns extends {
readonly [Tag in A["_tag"]]: [Extract<A, { readonly _tag: Tag }>] extends [infer Req]
? Req extends Request.Request<infer ReqA, infer ReqE, infer _ReqR>
? (requests: Array<Request.Entry<Req>>) => Effect.Effect<Iterable<ReqA>, ReqE>
: never
: never
}
>(
fns: Fns
) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v2.0.0

Constructs a request resolver from a pure function.

Example (Creating a resolver from a pure function)

import { Effect, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetSquareRequest extends Request.Request<number> {
readonly _tag: "GetSquareRequest"
readonly value: number
}
const GetSquareRequest = Request.tagged<GetSquareRequest>("GetSquareRequest")
// Create a resolver from a pure function
const SquareResolver = RequestResolver.fromFunction<GetSquareRequest>(
(entry) => entry.request.value * entry.request.value
)
// Usage
const getSquareEffect = Effect.request(GetSquareRequest({ value: 5 }), SquareResolver)
// Will resolve to 25

Signature

declare const fromFunction: <A extends Request.Any>(
f: (entry: Request.Entry<A>) => Request.Success<A>
) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v2.0.0

Constructs a request resolver from a pure function that takes a list of requests and returns a list of results of the same size. Each item in the result list must correspond to the item at the same index in the request list.

Example (Batching pure request handling)

import { Effect, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDoubleRequest extends Request.Request<number> {
readonly _tag: "GetDoubleRequest"
readonly value: number
}
const GetDoubleRequest = Request.tagged<GetDoubleRequest>("GetDoubleRequest")
// Create a resolver that processes multiple requests in a batch
const DoubleResolver = RequestResolver.fromFunctionBatched<GetDoubleRequest>((entries) =>
entries.map((entry) => entry.request.value * 2)
)
// Usage with multiple requests
const effects = [1, 2, 3].map((value) => Effect.request(GetDoubleRequest({ value }), DoubleResolver))
const batchedEffect = Effect.all(effects) // [2, 4, 6]

Signature

declare const fromFunctionBatched: <A extends Request.Any>(
f: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>) => Iterable<Request.Success<A>>
) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v2.0.0

Constructs a request resolver with the specified method to run requests.

Example (Creating a request resolver)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
// Define a request type
interface GetUserRequest extends Request.Request<string, Error> {
readonly _tag: "GetUserRequest"
readonly id: number
}
const GetUserRequest = Request.tagged<GetUserRequest>("GetUserRequest")
// Create a resolver that handles the requests
const UserResolver = RequestResolver.make<GetUserRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
for (const entry of entries) {
// Complete each request with a result
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`User ${entry.request.id}`))
}
})
)
// Use the resolver to handle requests
const getUserEffect = Effect.request(GetUserRequest({ id: 123 }), UserResolver)

Signature

declare const make: <A extends Request.Any>(
runAll: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>, key: unknown) => Effect.Effect<void, Request.Error<A>>
) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v2.0.0

Constructs a request resolver with the requests grouped by a calculated key.

Details

The key can use the Equal trait to determine if two keys are equal.

Example (Grouping requests by key)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetUserByRole extends Request.Request<string, Error> {
readonly _tag: "GetUserByRole"
readonly role: string
readonly id: number
}
const GetUserByRole = Request.tagged<GetUserByRole>("GetUserByRole")
// Group requests by role for efficient batch processing
const UserByRoleResolver = RequestResolver.makeGrouped<GetUserByRole, string>({
key: ({ request }) => request.role,
resolver: (entries, role) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
console.log(`Processing ${entries.length} requests for role: ${role}`)
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`User ${entry.request.id} with role ${role}`))
}
})
})

Signature

declare const makeGrouped: <A extends Request.Any, K>(options: {
readonly key: (entry: Request.Entry<A>) => K
readonly resolver: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>, key: K) => Effect.Effect<void, Request.Error<A>>
}) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v4.0.0

Creates a request resolver with fine-grained control over its behavior.

When to use

Use when you need to supply the resolver batching primitives directly, including the batch key, optional pre-check, delay effect, collection cutoff, and batch runner.

Details

batchKey groups request entries, delay schedules batch execution, collectWhile can end collection early, and runAll receives a non-empty batch for one key.

Gotchas

Accepted entries must be completed. If runAll succeeds with incomplete entries, waiting requests fail. If preCheck returns false, the entry is not batched, so it must be completed or linked to another completion path.

See

  • make for constructing a resolver from a batch runner
  • makeGrouped for constructing a resolver that groups requests by key

Signature

declare const makeWith: <A extends Request.Any>(options: {
readonly batchKey: (request: Request.Entry<A>) => unknown
readonly preCheck?: ((entry: Request.Entry<A>) => boolean) | undefined
readonly delay: Effect.Effect<void>
readonly collectWhile: (requests: ReadonlySet<Request.Entry<A>>) => boolean
readonly runAll: (entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>, key: unknown) => Effect.Effect<void, Request.Error<A>>
}) => RequestResolver<A>

Source

Since v4.0.0

Creates a request resolver that never executes requests.

When to use

Use as a resolver value for request types that are statically impossible and should never be issued.

Gotchas

If this resolver is used for an actual request, the request waits forever unless the fiber is interrupted.

See

  • make for constructing a resolver that executes batches and completes request entries

Signature

declare const never: RequestResolver<never>

Source

Since v2.0.0

Sets the batch delay window for this request resolver to the specified duration.

Example (Setting a batch delay)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDataRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetDataRequest"
}
const GetDataRequest = Request.tagged<GetDataRequest>("GetDataRequest")
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed("data"))
}
})
)
// Add a 100ms delay to batch requests together
const delayedResolver = RequestResolver.setDelay(resolver, "100 millis")
// Can also use number for milliseconds
const delayedResolver2 = RequestResolver.setDelay(resolver, 100)

Signature

declare const setDelay: {
(duration: Duration.Input): <A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A>
<A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>, duration: Duration.Input): RequestResolver<A>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Sets the batch delay effect for this request resolver.

Example (Setting an effectful batch delay)

import { Effect, Exit, Request, RequestResolver } from "effect"
interface GetDataRequest extends Request.Request<string> {
readonly _tag: "GetDataRequest"
}
const GetDataRequest = Request.tagged<GetDataRequest>("GetDataRequest")
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetDataRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed("data"))
}
})
)
// Set a custom delay effect (e.g., with logging)
const resolverWithCustomDelay = RequestResolver.setDelayEffect(
resolver,
Effect.gen(function* () {
yield* Effect.log("Waiting before processing batch...")
yield* Effect.sleep("50 millis")
})
)

Signature

declare const setDelayEffect: {
(delay: Effect.Effect<void>): <A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>) => RequestResolver<A>
<A extends Request.Any>(self: RequestResolver<A>, delay: Effect.Effect<void>): RequestResolver<A>
}

Source

Since v4.0.0

Returns true if the specified value is a RequestResolver, false otherwise.

When to use

Use to narrow unknown values before passing them to APIs that require a RequestResolver.

See

  • RequestResolver for the type narrowed by this guard

Signature

declare const isRequestResolver: (u: unknown) => u is RequestResolver<any>

Source

Since v2.0.0

A resolver that executes and completes batched Request entries.

Details

A resolver controls how requests are grouped, delayed, optionally pre-checked, and finally run. Its runAll method receives a non-empty batch of Request.Entry values for a single batch key and must complete every received entry, usually by calling completeUnsafe or one of the Request completion helpers.

Gotchas

If a resolver finishes without completing an entry, the waiting request fails because the resolver did not supply a result.

Example (Defining a request resolver)

import { Effect, Exit, RequestResolver } from "effect"
import type { Request } from "effect"
interface GetUserRequest extends Request.Request<string, Error> {
readonly _tag: "GetUserRequest"
readonly id: number
}
// In practice, you would typically use RequestResolver.make() instead
const resolver = RequestResolver.make<GetUserRequest>((entries) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
for (const entry of entries) {
entry.completeUnsafe(Exit.succeed(`User ${entry.request.id}`))
}
})
)

Signature

export interface RequestResolver<in A extends Request.Any> extends RequestResolver.Variance<A>, Pipeable {
readonly delay: Effect.Effect<void>
/**
* Get a batch key for the given request.
*/
batchKey(entry: Request.Entry<A>): unknown
/**
* An optional pre-check function that can be used to filter requests before
* they are added to a batch. If the function returns `false`, the request
* will not be processed.
*/
readonly preCheck: ((entry: Request.Entry<A>) => boolean) | undefined
/**
* Should the resolver continue collecting requests? Otherwise, it will
* immediately execute the collected requests cutting the delay short.
*/
collectWhile(entries: ReadonlySet<Request.Entry<A>>): boolean
/**
* Execute a collection of requests.
*/
runAll(entries: NonEmptyArray<Request.Entry<A>>, key: unknown): Effect.Effect<void, Request.Error<A>>
}

Source

Since v2.0.0

Namespace containing type-level helpers associated with RequestResolver.

Source

Since v2.0.0

Variance marker carried by every RequestResolver.

Details

This marker preserves the request type accepted by the resolver for Effect’s type-level machinery. Users normally do not implement it directly.

Signature

export interface Variance<in A> {
readonly [TypeId]: {
readonly _A: Types.Contravariant<A>
}
}

Source

Since v2.0.0