All versions since 4.0.0-beta.27

All versions

4.0.0-beta.27

Patch Changes

#1621 903a839 Thanks @kitlangton! - unstable/http Headers: add removeMany combinator for removing multiple headers at once
#1622 91a0168 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Model.BooleanSqlite, a model field schema that uses 0 | 1 encoding for database variants and plain boolean encoding for JSON variants.
#1631 c890f9a Thanks @gcanti! - unstable/httpapi HttpApiBuilder: fix void responses producing a non-empty body instead of Response.empty, closes #1628.
#1618 1e985f2 Thanks @tim-smart! - Default Effect.context() to Effect.context<never>() when no type parameter is provided.

4.0.0-beta.28

Minor Changes

#1637 42bc7ce Thanks @tim-smart! - Add a new effect/unstable/http/HttpStaticServer module for static file serving with MIME resolution, directory index fallback, SPA fallback, and safe path resolution.

Patch Changes

#1659 ff533f2 Thanks @tim-smart! - Persist MCP HTTP session and protocol headers after initialize so follow-up JSON-RPC requests include MCP-Protocol-Version.
#1663 dc803ee Thanks @tim-smart! - Add HttpServerResponse.fromClientResponse for directly converting client responses into server responses.
#1657 d660b1c Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Ctrl-U line clearing support to editable CLI prompts.
#1645 93a05e3 Thanks @gijsbartman! - ensure transformed Atom’s don’t extend idle ttl
#1655 2a65cf6 Thanks @tim-smart! - Make AtomRpc.query and AtomHttpApi.query return serializable atoms by default when query results are schema-backed.

The atom serialization key now uses each API’s built-in request schemas so dehydrated state can be keyed consistently across server and client.
#1662 a561a40 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add HttpServerRequest.toClientRequest for direct server-to-client request conversion.
#1648 29cd24d Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Types.VoidIfEmpty to correctly detect empty object types. Remove deprecated Types.MatchRecord in favor of the simplified implementation, closes #1647.
#1664 662a8e6 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add HttpServerRequest.fromClientRequest for direct client-request-backed server request conversion.
#1656 d2b52ba Thanks @tim-smart! - Persist MCP client capability context across HTTP requests by resolving initialized payloads through the standard Mcp-Session-Id HTTP header in McpServer.

Adds a regression test that initializes an MCP HTTP client, verifies the MCP server echoes Mcp-Session-Id, and then checks a later tool call can still read McpServer.clientCapabilities.
#1639 407c3b4 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Scheduler.PreventSchedulerYield and expose it via References so fibers can skip scheduler shouldYield checks when needed.
#1649 e741322 Thanks @tim-smart! - Set Schema.TaggedErrorClass instance name to the tag value, matching Data.TaggedError behavior.
#1646 5c75fa8 Thanks @tim-smart! - Simplify internal and documented request usage by passing request resolvers directly to Effect.request instead of wrapping them with Effect.succeed.
#1641 747177b Thanks @tim-smart! - Don’t transform Tool result schemas, as they aren’t sent to the providers as json schemas
#1636 326cd48 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Cookies.expireCookie / expireCookieUnsafe and HttpServerResponse.expireCookie / expireCookieUnsafe for emitting expired cookies.
#1653 627e922 Thanks @tim-smart! - expose mcp client capabilities
#1660 662287e Thanks @tim-smart! - Add HttpServerResponse.toClientResponse for converting server responses into HttpClientResponse values.

4.0.0-beta.29

Patch Changes

#1672 9d93adb Thanks @gcanti! - Add Newtype module.
#1677 b52721c Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Schema.isUUID so the version parameter is optional in its public signature.
#1667 a891c7b Thanks @tim-smart! - Preserve Atom.withReactivity(...) refresh behavior when registry initial values seed the wrapped atom.
#1678 ef26cdf Thanks @tim-smart! - Abort HTTP client requests when response streams are consumed only partially.
#1665 82fd3ed Thanks @tim-smart! - Remove placeholder fallback behavior from CLI prompt inputs now that default values are prefilled.

4.0.0-beta.30

Patch Changes

#1675 c88e5b7 Thanks @gijsbartman! - Fix consolePretty ignoring explicit colors option in non-TTY environments.

When colors is explicitly set to true, prettyLoggerTty was still gating it with processStdoutIsTTY check, making it impossible to enable colors in non-TTY environments like Vite dev server.
#1690 947d0e4 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Cause.hasInterruptsOnly to return false for empty causes.
#1620 7517908 Thanks @kitlangton! - Fix TaggedUnion.match to use Unify for return types, allowing branches to return distinct Effect types that are properly merged.
#1680 a49ecd5 Thanks @KhraksMamtsov! - make HttpClientResponse pipeable
#1681 6993e33 Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Add an optional message field to Effect.ignore and Effect.ignoreCause for custom log output.
#1695 514f2a2 Thanks @gcanti! - Remove unused APIs from the Utils module.
#1644 3214b47 Thanks @patroza! - fix: update Service interface to use ‘this: void’ in ‘of’ method signatures
#1693 95ec5ed Thanks @tim-smart! - fix cli subcommand context

4.0.0-beta.31

Patch Changes

#1696 5a84853 Thanks @krzkaczor! - Add DurationObject to Duration.Input to support Temporal-style object input.

Durations can now be created from objects with named unit properties like { hours: 1, minutes: 30 }, similar to Temporal.Duration.from(). Supported fields: weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, millis, micros, nanos.
#1705 6f23f0e Thanks @tim-smart! - Preserve message item ordering in the default logger when logging a Cause with message values.
#1711 654aaec Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix RpcGroup.toLayer and RpcGroup.toLayerHandler service requirement inference so handler dependencies are preserved for non-stream RPC handlers.
#1712 2958a42 Thanks @tim-smart! - Expose CLI completions as a public unstable module at effect/unstable/cli/Completions.
#1713 95d27a2 Thanks @tim-smart! - Make Layer.mock a dual API so it supports both Layer.mock(Service)(impl) and Layer.mock(Service, impl).
#1704 0fbaea8 Thanks @tim-smart! - Support toolkit unions in LanguageModel options.
#1701 21d5d5e Thanks @tim-smart! - wrap httpapi request context with HttpRouter.Request
#1696 5a84853 Thanks @krzkaczor! - allow assigning Temporal types to DateTime & Duration input
#1698 6e49959 Thanks @tim-smart! - Include toolkit tool handler requirements in AI generation API environment inference.
#1703 8f5805d Thanks @tim-smart! - Relax Ndjson byte-stream channel signatures to accept plain Uint8Array.
#1710 990df2c Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: toCodecJson now returns Codec<T, Json, RD, RE> instead of Codec<T, unknown, RD, RE>.

Http: the json property on HttpIncomingMessage, HttpClientResponse, HttpServerRequest, and HttpServerResponse now returns Effect<Schema.Json, E> instead of Effect<unknown, E>.

4.0.0-beta.32

Patch Changes

#1717 bf8fff8 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: add OptionFromOptionalNullOr schema, closes #1707.
#1722 1af3ef3 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix RpcSerialization.json decode so JSON array payloads are not wrapped in an extra outer array.
#1725 27fea0f Thanks @tim-smart! - Improve unstable HttpApi runtime failures for missing server middleware and missing group implementations.
- HttpApiBuilder.applyMiddleware now resolves middleware services via Context.getUnsafe, so missing middleware fails with a clear “Service not found: ” error instead of an opaque is not a function TypeError.
- HttpApiBuilder.layer now reports missing groups with actionable context (group identifier, service key, suggested HttpApiBuilder.group(…) call, and available group keys).
- Added regression tests in packages/platform-node/test/HttpApi.test.ts covering:
  - addHttpApi + API-level middleware applied across merged groups
  - missing middleware service diagnostics
  - missing addHttpApi group layer diagnostics
#1727 2ad6c1b Thanks @tim-smart! - Make all built-in HttpApiError classes implement HttpServerRespondable, so they can be returned directly from plain HTTP server handlers outside of HttpApi.
#1739 398ac3e Thanks @tim-smart! - Use predicate-based dual dispatch for Stream.merge so data-last calls with optional options are handled correctly.
#1741 51fe22f Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Layer.tap, Layer.tapError, and Layer.tapCause APIs for effectful observation of layer success and failure without changing layer outputs.
#1740 4605db6 Thanks @tim-smart! - Refactor call sites with multiple Context mutations to use Context.mutate for batched updates.
#1750 f4de1b0 Thanks @gcanti! - Improve unstable AI structured output handling for empty tool params and add Tool.EmptyParams, closes #1749.
#1525 60214f2 Thanks @tim-smart! - use Option instead of undefined | A

#1747 c4b8b0f Thanks @tim-smart! - seperate scheduler dispatch from yield decisions
#1729 6d9393a Thanks @tim-smart! - add Context.mutate
#1753 6de4efe Thanks @tim-smart! - Add dtslint coverage for Stream.catchIf to lock in predicate and refinement inference behavior in both data-first and data-last forms.
#1716 4f969d1 Thanks @gcanti! - Remove unused effect/NullOr module.
#1721 6cc67c8 Thanks @IMax153! - Correct the type of the schema parameter accepted by the fileSchema methods in the CLI to be Schema.Decoder<A>
#1709 8531a22 Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Add module-level helpers for Semaphore, Latch, and extracted PartitionedSemaphore operations.
#1752 b226760 Thanks @tim-smart! - simplify SubscriptionRef
#1743 47a51ab Thanks @tim-smart! - default ws close codes to 1001 in case they are undefined
#1728 1521d02 Thanks @tim-smart! - add graceful shutdown to http servers

4.0.0-beta.33

Patch Changes

#1754 571447d Thanks @tim-smart! - narrow types for Effect.retry/repeat while option

4.0.0-beta.34

Patch Changes

#1758 f2f75ee Thanks @tim-smart! - Use a normal Map in ResponseIdTracker and clear it on divergence / reset instead of reallocating a WeakMap.
#1764 342fc4b Thanks @tim-smart! - Add unstable EmbeddingModel support across core and OpenAI providers.
- Add the unstable EmbeddingModel module API surface in effect, including service, request, response, and provider types.
- Implement the unstable EmbeddingModel runtime constructor in effect, with RequestResolver batching, embed / embedMany spans, provider error propagation, deterministic ordering, and empty-input embedMany fast-path behavior.
- Add and align EmbeddingModel behavior tests in effect for embedding usage, batching, ordering, and error handling.
- Add OpenAiEmbeddingModel in @effect/ai-openai, including model / make / layer constructors, config overrides, and provider output index validation with deterministic reordering.
- Add OpenAI-compatible EmbeddingModel provider support in @effect/ai-openai-compat, including config overrides, layer constructors, and output index validation.
#1766 5d704ee Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix JSDoc wording for Effect.catch to consistently reference the current API name.
#1771 00add69 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add EmbeddingModel.ModelDimensions and require dimensions in embedding provider model constructors.
#1767 58217d3 Thanks @gcanti! - Add isMutableHashMap and isMutableHashSet, and align nominal guard implementations and tests across collections and transactional data types.
#1765 f4e2aba Thanks @tim-smart! - retry incremental prompt on invalid request
#1756 e3b44b6 Thanks @tim-smart! - add HttpApiMiddleware.layerSchemaErrorTransform
#1732 e1472b7 Thanks @KhraksMamtsov! - port Url module from v3
#1761 7686320 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Tool.make type and runtime behavior when parameters is not provided.

4.0.0-beta.35

Patch Changes

#1782 9252b43 Thanks @gcanti! - Add Schema.ArrayEnsure.
#1784 7daf387 Thanks @gcanti! - Add Config.Success type utility, closes #1783.
#1778 e1664a3 Thanks @tim-smart! - Allow Effect.acquireRelease release finalizers to depend on the surrounding environment.
#1777 fdaa6e0 Thanks @tim-smart! - Remove an unreachable array branch in decodeJsonRpcRaw to simplify JSON-RPC decode logic without changing behavior.
#1774 19aa47e Thanks @tim-smart! - Align CLI help flag and global flag descriptions to a single column even when some flag names are very long.
#1780 c667dad Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix LanguageModel incremental prompt fallback to reliably retry with the full prompt when an incremental request fails with InvalidRequestError.
#1781 764d150 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix DateTime.makeUnsafe incorrectly appending “Z” to date strings containing “GMT”
#1772 3c27098 Thanks @tim-smart! - make Layer.mock work with Stream and Channel

4.0.0-beta.36

Patch Changes

#1793 60fcbcc Thanks @tim-smart! - Ensure streamed tool results are emitted before the finish part so chat history includes tool outputs before stream termination.
#1762 0a60837 Thanks @kitlangton! - Allow unstable HttpApi middleware to declare multiple error schemas with arrays.

Middleware errors now follow endpoint error behavior for response status resolution, client decoding, and generated API schemas.
#1805 49164d2 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Effect.cachedWithTTL and Effect.cachedInvalidateWithTTL to start TTL expiration when the cached value is produced instead of when computation starts.
#1808 334b6e4 Thanks @tim-smart! - Backport Cron.prev with reverse lookup tables and cron stepping logic, including DST-aware reverse traversal.
#1789 5700695 Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Fix Stream.scanEffect hanging and repeatedly emitting the initial state.
#1810 f8f4456 Thanks @tim-smart! - Support key-derived idleTimeToLive in LayerMap options (make, fromRecord, and LayerMap.Service) and add LayerMap tests for dynamic TTL behavior.
#1802 969d24f Thanks @kitlangton! - PubSub.publish and PubSub.publishAll now return false on shutdown instead of interrupting, matching Queue.offer semantics.
#1796 851eda0 Thanks @tim-smart! - Improve Prompt.file to support incremental filtering while typing, including backspace and ctrl-u handling.
#1806 8059c1c Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix a regression in PubSub.shutdown so shutting down a pubsub interrupts suspended subscribers (including takeAll) by ensuring subscriptions are scoped under the pubsub shutdown scope.
#1797 6f83295 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add `Ctrl-A` and `Ctrl-E` key handling for editable CLI text prompts to move the cursor to the beginning or end of the current input line.
#1633 65f7f57 Thanks @kitlangton! - Schema: add decodeUnknownResult / decodeResult and encodeUnknownResult / encodeResult helpers for synchronous Result-based parsing.
#1798 e7fabd2 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: allow using Struct type helpers directly, e.g. Schema.Struct.Type<F> instead of Schema.Schema.Type<Schema.Struct<F>>.
#1794 89c3e98 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix ai LanguageModel streaming finish parts so finish events are always emitted when a toolkit is provided.
#1785 53794ab Thanks @KhraksMamtsov! - add missing Equivalence.Date

4.0.0-beta.37

Patch Changes

#1812 f7a0b71 Thanks @tim-smart! - Consolidate the SqlError changes to the new reason-based shape across effect and the SQL drivers, classifying native failures into structured reasons with Unknown fallback where native codes are unavailable.
#1816 1e223c3 Thanks @tim-smart! - unstable/http HttpClientRequest: add toWeb and fromWeb conversions for web Request objects
#1829 53740f4 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix sql migrator lock handling to only treat duplicate migration-row inserts as a concurrent migration lock.
#1831 8c7cf89 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Schedule.fixed to run the next iteration immediately when the previous action takes longer than the configured interval.
#1833 b6b81a9 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Unify.unify so unions of Effect values collapse to a single unified Effect type again.
#1825 8f4c1f9 Thanks @skoshx! - Fix DevToolsClient not flushing final span events on teardown.

The stream consumer was forkScoped, causing it to be interrupted before it could drain remaining queue items. Replaced with forkChild and Fiber.await in the finalizer so the stream drains naturally after the queue is failed.
#1824 f2479f9 Thanks @tim-smart! - Ignore unsupported Ctrl key combinations in interactive CLI prompts to avoid rendering control characters such as Ctrl+L form feed into prompt input.
#1819 c919921 Thanks @j! - HttpServerResponse: fix fromWeb to preserve Content-Type header when response has a body

Previously, when converting a web Response to an HttpServerResponse via fromWeb, the Content-Type header was not passed to Body.stream(), causing it to default to application/octet-stream. This affected any code using HttpApp.fromWebHandler to wrap web handlers, as JSON responses would incorrectly have their Content-Type set to application/octet-stream instead of application/json.
#1821 7af90c2 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: relax asserts and is constraints.
#1822 f3be185 Thanks @tim-smart! - improve runSync error when executing async effects

4.0.0-beta.38

Patch Changes

#1842 f4dbe5b Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: rename MakeOptions.disableValidation to disableChecks. Apply constructor defaults when disableChecks is true, closes #1841.
#1837 a71a607 Thanks @kitlangton! - Fix HttpApiBuilder security middleware caching so separate handler builds do not reuse the first provided middleware implementation.
#1840 66a0494 Thanks @tim-smart! - Rename HttpApiClient request option withResponse to responseMode and add support for responseMode: "response-only" to return the raw HttpClientResponse without decoding.
#1838 5ef7218 Thanks @tim-smart! - Update HttpApiClient.urlBuilder to mirror client shape, and encode params/query via endpoint schemas before building URLs.
#1700 472d260 Thanks @tim-smart! - add useCodecs option to HttpClientEndpoint constructors

4.0.0-beta.39

Patch Changes

#1844 f91fd3d Thanks @tim-smart! - Relax HttpApiClient.urlBuilder to accept HttpApi.Any instead of requiring HttpApi.AnyWithProps. This allows use in helpers generic over HttpApi.Any while preserving inferred URL builder types.
#1851 edaae9d Thanks @tim-smart! - Re-export additional core runtime references from effect/References, including logger and error reporter references.
#1856 b47db0b Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Struct utility return types (for example pick) to preserve the previous simplified shape instead of exposing raw utility types like Pick<T, K>, closes #1855.
#1849 82d3c8e Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix the Queue.takeN documentation example to end the queue before showing a partial batch.
#1848 7c22b31 Thanks @tim-smart! - Remove Schedule.compose in favor of Schedule.both, and update schedule examples to use Schedule.both.

4.0.0-beta.40

Patch Changes

#1863 f62860f Thanks @tim-smart! - fix issues with metro bundler
#1866 973f281 Thanks @tim-smart! - add Stream.timeoutOrElse

4.0.0-beta.41

Patch Changes

#1881 36f5c21 Thanks @gcanti! - Added BigDecimal.sumAll and BigDecimal.multiplyAll for feature parity with Number and BigInt, closes #1880.

#1869 d8ce758 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: collapse same-type literal branches in JSON Schema output into a single enum array, closes #1868.

Before:

{
  "anyOf": [
    { "type": "string", "enum": ["A"] },
    { "type": "string", "enum": ["B"] }
  ]
}

After:

{
  "type": "string",
  "enum": ["A", "B"]
}

#1879 11aab4c Thanks @tim-smart! - Highlight active option labels in Prompt.select and Prompt.multiSelect using cyan text so selection state is visible beyond the pointer / checkbox icon.
#1884 3bc1efb Thanks @tim-smart! - Fail RpcClient HTTP requests when the server response contains no RPC messages instead of leaving requests pending.
#1875 70e724e Thanks @IMax153! - Fix AI text method toolkit typing to support generic handler toolkits, preserve toolkit union inference, and keep response part narrowing by tool name.
#1876 738dee7 Thanks @tim-smart! - Track ManagedRuntime fibers in a scope
#1886 2111963 Thanks @tim-smart! - add ClusterSchema.WithTransaction annotation
#1877 198a553 Thanks @tim-smart! - allow Context.Key to be covariant

4.0.0-beta.42

Patch Changes

#1897 924e216 Thanks @IMax153! - Append concrete choice values to CLI flag help descriptions so generated help shows valid command-line inputs.
#1894 80e7f0c Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix MutableList.appendAll / appendAllUnsafe so empty arrays are treated as a no-op instead of leaving behind an empty internal bucket.
#1895 f8328bf Thanks @tim-smart! - Changed socket close handling so all close codes are treated as errors by default unless closeCodeIsError is overridden.
#1899 66d1c06 Thanks @gcanti! - SchemaRepresentation: support anyOf/oneOf with sibling keywords in fromJsonSchemaMultiDocument
#1893 bee800b Thanks @gcanti! - Number.remainder: fix incorrect results for small floats in scientific notation (e.g. 1e-7).
#1898 8930441 Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Rename Effect.transaction to Effect.tx and Effect.retryTransaction to Effect.txRetry, remove Effect.transactionWith / Effect.withTxState, make nested Effect.tx calls compose into the active transaction, and make the public Tx* APIs establish atomic transactions without requiring Transaction in common usage.

4.0.0-beta.43

Patch Changes

#1904 2ae33d0 Thanks @juliusmarminge! - Fix JSON-RPC serialization for id values that are falsey but valid, including 0 and "", while still mapping null to Effect’s internal notification sentinel.
#1900 979811a Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix AI structured output schema generation for Schema.Class and Schema.ErrorClass by resolving top-level $ref entries before passing JSON Schema to providers and default codec transformers.
#1908 eb7dbef Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix stream requests in Entity.toLayerQueue
#1907 cf50eb4 Thanks @tim-smart! - add WorkflowEngine interruptUnsafe
#1903 1d046fe Thanks @kitlangton! - Add Layer.suspend as a lazy constructor for dynamically choosing a layer while preserving normal layer sharing.

4.0.0-beta.44

Patch Changes

#1943 e3f0621 Thanks @gcanti! - Add DateFromString, BigIntFromString, BigDecimalFromString, TimeZoneNamedFromString, TimeZoneFromString, and DateTimeZonedFromString schemas, closes #1941.
#1996 5b476ab Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: add StringFromBase64, StringFromBase64Url, StringFromHex, and StringFromUriComponent schemas for decoding encoded strings into UTF-8 strings, closes #1995.
#1952 6b40e5a Thanks @tim-smart! - Effect.repeat now uses effect return value when using options
#1961 7bb5dce Thanks @IMax153! - Rename Atom’s Context type to AtomContext
#1975 3b09fb3 Thanks @tim-smart! - catch defects when building Entity handlers
#2000 2370410 Thanks @tim-smart! - fix cache constructor inference by moving the lookup option
#1928 dabc272 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add schema.makeEffect(input, options?) to Schema.Bottom and schema-backed classes, matching the existing constructor behavior exposed by makeUnsafe / makeOption while returning an Effect failure with Schema.SchemaError.
#1949 08b63c3 Thanks @tim-smart! - Update the unstable HTTP middleware logger to annotate only the request path in http.url instead of including the full URL (query / fragment), and add a regression test.
#1962 dfff04c Thanks @tim-smart! - Add KeyValueStore.layerSql to back key-value storage with a SQL database via SqlClient.
#1963 9baed9e Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Unify.unify so Layer unions merge correctly, and add type tests covering Layer unification.
#2004 7846792 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Stream.toQueue types and implementation to return a Queue.Dequeue in both overloads and delegate to Channel.toQueueArray.
#1974 1556a24 Thanks @juliusmarminge! - Fix unstable CLI boolean flags so Flag.optional(Flag.boolean(...)) returns Option.none() when omitted, and support canonical --no-<flag> negation for boolean flags.
#1980 7c11bc2 Thanks @tim-smart! - fix Entity.keepAlive
#1929 b5ea591 Thanks @gcanti! - Simplify and align the default-value APIs.

Schema.withConstructorDefault now accepts an Effect<T> instead of (o: Option<undefined>) => Option<T> | Effect<Option<T>>.

Schema.withDecodingDefault / Schema.withDecodingDefaultKey now accept an Effect<T> instead of () => T, enabling effectful defaults.

SchemaGetter.withDefault follows the same change, accepting Effect<T> instead of () => T.
#1966 0853afa Thanks @gcanti! - Reuse existing references when duplicate identifiers have the same representation, closes #1927.
#1942 ac845f3 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix ErrorClass and TaggedErrorClass toString to match native Error output format (e.g. E: my message instead of E({"message":"my message"})), closes #1940.

Also fix prototype properties (e.g. name) being lost after .extend().
#1956 b80c462 Thanks @gcanti! - Add Schema.resolveAnnotationsKey API to retrieve the context (key-level) annotations from a schema, closes #1947.

Also rename Schema.resolveInto to Schema.resolveAnnotations.
#2005 b3f535d Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Stream.splitLines to correctly handle standalone \r as a line terminator and flush the final unterminated line when the stream ends, closes #2002.
#1936 6fe2e93 Thanks @IMax153! - Fix Stream.groupedWithin dropping partial batches when the upstream ends or goes idle.
#1981 cda8004 Thanks @tim-smart! - add rpc ConnectionHooks
#1965 8335477 Thanks @tim-smart! - return resolvers directly from SqlModel.makeResolvers
#1960 8c836f9 Thanks @IMax153! - Add ChildProcessHandle.unref, returning an Effect that restores the child process reference when run.
#1984 718ff6f Thanks @jannabiforever! - Make Effect.retry with times argument to propagate the original error.
#1930 7eed84f Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Add Stream.service and Stream.serviceOption for accessing services as single-element streams.

#1935 5df46fe Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: add asClass API to turn any schema into a class with static method support.

Example

import { Schema } from "effect";

class MyString extends Schema.asClass(Schema.String) {
  static readonly decodeUnknownSync = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(this);
}

MyString.decodeUnknownSync("a"); // "a"

#1958 82dd0f2 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: add MissingSelfGeneric compile-time error for Class, TaggedClass, ErrorClass, and TaggedErrorClass when the Self type parameter is omitted.
#1957 03ae41e Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: remove "~annotate.in" type from Bottom interface, inlining it where needed
#1951 4677a0a Thanks @gcanti! - Rename Schema.makeUnsafe instance method back to Schema.make on all schemas and schema-backed classes.

Also remove the static readonly make override from ShardId to avoid conflicting with the inherited schema make method. The module-level ShardId.make(group, id) function is still available.
#1999 87e1fc8 Thanks @tim-smart! - use NoInfer in Layer constructors to prevent type erasure
#1971 c1af1b7 Thanks @joepjoosten! - Allow unstable CLI fallback prompts to be created dynamically from an Effect.
#1961 7bb5dce Thanks @IMax153! - Rename the ServiceMap module to Context across exports, docs, and tests.
#1973 c8a877b Thanks @joepjoosten! - Underline the active label in CLI multi-select prompts and add a scratchpad example for manual verification.
#1967 7da961a Thanks @tim-smart! - clean up ShardId

4.0.0-beta.45

Patch Changes

#1883 5c3af6d Thanks @tim-smart! - Add EventLogServerUnencrypted module

4.0.0-beta.46

Patch Changes

#2008 3a30b9e Thanks @tim-smart! - fix eventlog skipping entries

4.0.0-beta.47

Patch Changes

#2017 c584726 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: add annotateEncoded function for annotating the encoded side of a schema.
#2013 86a91a4 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: add withDecodingDefaultTypeKey / withDecodingDefaultType, closes #2012
#2018 131caf9 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: allow Class constructors to accept void when all fields are optional, closes #2015.
#2016 c3615c8 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: rename "~rebuild.out" to "Rebuild"

4.0.0-beta.48

Patch Changes

#2025 4da56ec Thanks @tim-smart! - update dependencies
#2029 a5e6f77 Thanks @tim-smart! - omit scope from HttpApi handlers
#2023 f1ba5b8 Thanks @tim-smart! - EventLog Identity string encodes to base 64
#2023 f1ba5b8 Thanks @tim-smart! - disable tracer propagation for otlp exporter

4.0.0-beta.49

Patch Changes

#2035 7d87873 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add support for common HTTP status string literals in HttpApiSchema.status (for example, HttpApiSchema.status("Created") resolves to status code 201).
#2036 c2f6f90 Thanks @tim-smart! - add RpcGroup.omit
#2034 216f13c Thanks @IMax153! - Fix issue with exported CLI Completions types

4.0.0-beta.50

Patch Changes

#2038 07be594 Thanks @tim-smart! - add support for deferred responses in rpc
#2040 ae02433 Thanks @tim-smart! - require a option to make AtomRpc.query atoms serializatable

4.0.0-beta.51

Patch Changes

#2049 778d2af Thanks @bohdanbirdie! - Add RpcSerialization.makeMsgPack for creating MessagePack serialization with custom msgpackr options. On Cloudflare Workers with allow_eval_during_startup (default for compatibility_date >= 2025-06-01), pass { useRecords: false } to prevent msgpackr’s JIT code generation via new Function(), which is blocked during request handling. Also fixes silent error swallowing in the msgPack decode path — non-incomplete errors are now rethrown instead of returning [].
#2010 4e24dcf Thanks @tim-smart! - process schema properties / elements concurrently
#2052 4b1c015 Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: expand FilterOutput and add FilterIssue for richer filter failures.

The return type of a Schema.makeFilter predicate now supports two additional shapes:
- { path, issue } where issue is string | SchemaIssue.Issue (previously only { path, message: string } was accepted). The issue arm lets you attach a fully-formed Issue at a nested path without manually constructing a Pointer.
- ReadonlyArray<Schema.FilterIssue> to report several failures at once. An empty array is success, a single-element array is equivalent to returning that element, and multi-entry arrays are grouped into an Issue.Composite. This removes the need to import SchemaIssue and hand-build a Composite for multi-field validators.
The single-failure shapes (undefined, true, false, string, SchemaIssue.Issue) are unchanged.

Breaking: the object shape renamed from { path, message } to { path, issue }. Call sites that used the old shape must rename the field; the migration is mechanical.
```
// before
Schema.makeFilter((o) => ({ path: ["a"], message: "bad" }));

// after
Schema.makeFilter((o) => ({ path: ["a"], issue: "bad" }));
```
Also renamed { path, message } to { path, issue } in the accepted return type of SchemaGetter.checkEffect.
#2047 454f8ad Thanks @gcanti! - Fix SchemaAST.isJson rejecting DAGs as cycles, closes #2021.

The previous implementation marked every visited object in a single seen set and never removed it, so any value that referenced the same object through two different paths (a DAG, e.g. { x: shared, y: shared }) was treated as a cycle and returned false. Cycle detection now tracks only the current recursion path (popping on exit) and memoizes fully validated subtrees, so DAGs are accepted while true cycles are still rejected.
#2051 6754a0c Thanks @tim-smart! - disable sql traces for EventLog, RunnerStorage
#2053 90f7fd5 Thanks @tim-smart! - remove use of bigint literals
#2046 d7e1519 Thanks @gcanti! - Remove the options parameter from OpenApi.fromApi.

The parameter only carried additionalProperties, but the function caches results in a WeakMap keyed solely on the api instance. Passing different options across calls for the same api was silently ignored, making the parameter order-dependent and effectively single-shot. No call sites were using it, so the signature is now simply fromApi(api).
#2044 72a8122 Thanks @tim-smart! - ensure envelope payloads are correctly encoded for notify path

4.0.0-beta.52

Patch Changes

#2057 8e04bfc Thanks @tim-smart! - add HttpApiSchemaError for determining where a schema error originates from
#2055 cf3a311 Thanks @tim-smart! - ensure tagged enum _tag is correctly set
#2057 8e04bfc Thanks @tim-smart! - make HttpApi schema errors defects unless transformed
#2058 131fdd5 Thanks @tim-smart! - mcp http request with no session header is 404 response

4.0.0-beta.53

Patch Changes

#2068 0768509 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix AtomHttpApi query and mutation error inference to include endpoint middleware and client middleware errors, matching HttpApiClient behavior (including response-only mutation mode).
#2062 476aede Thanks @aldotestino! - Fix HttpIncomingMessage.schemaBodyJson to forward parse options via the parseOptions annotation key.
#2074 4f79c54 Thanks @tim-smart! - fix Latch.release
#2069 4be6a7c Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Fix TestClock.currentTimeNanosUnsafe() to floor fractional millisecond instants before converting them to BigInt.
#2065 88927eb Thanks @tim-smart! - add Effectable module

4.0.0-beta.54

Patch Changes

#2078 e4b74f9 Thanks @tim-smart! - add Socket.make
#2075 4c72808 Thanks @tim-smart! - ensure workflow failures are not squashed by suspension interrupts

4.0.0-beta.55

Patch Changes

#2081 42cc744 Thanks @gcanti! - Export the Schema.encodeKeys interface, closes #2070.

Previously the interface was internal, so exporting a value whose inferred type referenced it triggered TypeScript error TS4023: Exported variable has or is using name 'encodeKeys' from external module ... but cannot be named, e.g.:
#2067 04855ce Thanks @mrazauskas! - fix isNullish() type predicate

4.0.0-beta.56

4.0.0-beta.57

Patch Changes

#2085 a971f5c Thanks @tim-smart! - add Effect.abortSignal
#2088 8e110c5 Thanks @tim-smart! - ensure each sql client gets a unique transaction service

4.0.0-beta.58

Patch Changes

#2097 11993d4 Thanks @Leka74! - Add an exhaustive finalizer to the AsyncResult builder.
#2098 96c8b22 Thanks @tim-smart! - generate binary arrays from streams with less copying
#2098 96c8b22 Thanks @tim-smart! - improve http body consumption

4.0.0-beta.59

Patch Changes

#2106 56837ea Thanks @IMax153! - Fix entity proxy RPC handlers to provide the context expected by RpcServer.

4.0.0-beta.60

Patch Changes

#2115 f69d567 Thanks @tim-smart! - add Rpc.custom
#2119 7909c95 Thanks @gcanti! - Remove Inspectable.stringifyCircular and fix Formatter.formatJson so shared object references are preserved while only circular references are omitted.
bbb4dcc Thanks @tim-smart! - allow using Duration.Input with accessors
#2117 7af2207 Thanks @gcanti! - Add Schema.DurationFromString and SchemaTransformation.durationFromString, support "Infinity" and "-Infinity" in Duration.fromInput, and simplify config duration parsing around the shared schema codec, closes #2092.
#2116 848b40a Thanks @gcanti! - Add a Config.literals convenience constructor for Schema.Literals, closes #2091.

4.0.0-beta.61

Patch Changes

#2130 50790af Thanks @tim-smart! - Record fiber runtime start metrics when fibers are constructed so yielded fibers are only counted once.
#2120 71f7c3d Thanks @tim-smart! - Port Effect.firstSuccessOf from Effect v3.
#2122 aae8797 Thanks @tim-smart! - fix empty body decoding in HttpApiBuilder

4.0.0-beta.62

Patch Changes

#2131 4ab4b90 Thanks @tim-smart! - Allow Kubernetes pod condition lastTransitionTime values to be null in K8sHttpClient schemas.

4.0.0-beta.63

Patch Changes

#2136 7f927ff Thanks @tim-smart! - add HttpApiTest module
#2123 a696b3e Thanks @lewxdev! - add Effect.acquireDisposable

4.0.0-beta.64

Patch Changes

#2137 7d4877a Thanks @tim-smart! - Add optional soft delete column support to SqlModel repositories and resolvers.

4.0.0-beta.65

Patch Changes

#2148 6f11454 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add UniqueViolation as a new SQL error reason. Supported unique constraint violations now classify as UniqueViolation instead of the broader ConstraintError reason.

This covers PostgreSQL, PGlite, MySQL, MSSQL, and the shared SQLite classification used by the SQLite-family clients. UniqueViolation.constraint contains the best available constraint, index, or key identifier and falls back to exactly "unknown" when no reliable identifier is available.

4.0.0-beta.66

Patch Changes

#2163 ca2498e Thanks @tim-smart! - remove Effect.Yieldable
#2161 cd7d1fb Thanks @wking-io! - Fix request ID tracking in the RPC server HTTP protocol finalizer.
#2158 19a7033 Thanks @ColaFanta! - Change Type_<> implementation, from using Exclude<F, O | M> type util to keyof F as xx, this implementation keeps IDE provenance link. This enables clicking “Go to definition (F12)” in VSCode on an object made from Schema Struct jumps to the correct Struct field definition.
#2153 33d26b4 Thanks @Gabrola! - Allow HttpApiTest.groups to accept an optional baseUrl override while preserving the existing default of "http://localhost:3000".
#2160 856766b Thanks @tim-smart! - Remove the auto-incrementing suffix from HTTP server logger log span names.
#2164 079c7df Thanks @tim-smart! - Add the unstable workflow DurableQueue module.

4.0.0-beta.67

Patch Changes

#2185 a42ef66 Thanks @lloydrichards! - add rows to Terminal
#2111 35594f8 Thanks @thiagofelix! - Fix EntityProxyServer.layerHttpApi using path.entityId instead of params.entityId
#2201 8bddd62 Thanks @sjh9714! - Fix MutableList.filter and MutableList.remove length updates.
#2181 4be4c8d Thanks @zeyuri! - Fix workflow proxy RPC handlers to provide the context expected by RpcServer.
#2177 0c9d3ab Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Add forked memo maps so nested layer scopes can reuse parent allocations without leaking sibling-local layers. Update @effect/vitest to fork memo maps for nested it.layer suites, isolating sibling setup while preserving parent sharing.
#2206 b156acc Thanks @tim-smart! - add availableShardGroups to ShardingConfig, to ensure advisory locks do not conflict
#2184 d16c034 Thanks @gcanti! - Restore support for passing schema parse options when creating decode and encode helpers, closes #2174.
#2176 b559d68 Thanks @patroza! - Allow Schema decoding defaults to require Effect services.

The Effect passed to Schema.withDecodingDefault, Schema.withDecodingDefaultKey, Schema.withDecodingDefaultType, and Schema.withDecodingDefaultTypeKey now accepts a context R in its third type parameter. The required services are propagated into the resulting schema’s DecodingServices. SchemaGetter.withDefault is widened in the same way.
#2113 a3de5d9 Thanks @patroza! - Allow Schema constructor and decoding defaults to fail with SchemaError.

The Effect passed to Schema.withConstructorDefault, Schema.withDecodingDefault, Schema.withDecodingDefaultKey, Schema.withDecodingDefaultType, and Schema.withDecodingDefaultTypeKey now accepts SchemaError in its error channel. When a default fails, the parser unwraps the underlying SchemaIssue.Issue and propagates it as a parse failure with the surrounding path attached. This makes it easy to use another schema’s makeEffect / decode* as the default value.
#2172 7e6c12e Thanks @gcanti! - Rename SchemaParser.makeUnsafe to SchemaParser.make.
#2167 098167a Thanks @tim-smart! - update dependencies

4.0.0-beta.68

Patch Changes

#2210 af8267f Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Stream.broadcastN for fixed-size stream broadcasts.
#2180 0176eaf Thanks @IMax153! - update Model uuid helpers
#2180 0176eaf Thanks @IMax153! - Add a platform-agnostic Crypto service for cryptographic random bytes, secure random generators, UUIDv4 / UUIDv7 generation, and digest operations. UUID generation should now use the Crypto service’s randomUUIDv4 or randomUUIDv7, which format bytes from the platform Crypto service; UUIDv7 also uses the Clock service timestamp. Random.nextUUIDv4 has been removed because the base Random service is not cryptographically secure.
#2221 f136bb7 Thanks @gcanti! - Change Schema.asserts and SchemaParser.asserts to assert a value directly with asserts(schema, input) and remove Schema.Codec.ToAsserts.
#2209 6f38f07 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Channel.decodeText corrupting UTF-8 characters split across chunk boundaries.
#2207 aec9c40 Thanks @tim-smart! - rename Model.Generated to Model.GeneratedByDb

4.0.0-beta.69

Patch Changes

#2227 70ea04a Thanks @avallete! - Add Flag.withHidden (and Param.withHidden) to hide flags from --help output and shell completions while keeping them fully parseable on the command line.

Useful for experimental, internal, or deprecated flags that should be accepted but not advertised, e.g. --experimental-foo, debug toggles, or escape hatches that are not yet committed to the public CLI surface.
```
import { Flag } from "effect/unstable/cli";

const experimental = Flag.boolean("experimental-foo").pipe(Flag.withHidden);
```
#2240 d0ea8b0 Thanks @tim-smart! - pass workflow parent on discard
#2237 a57674b Thanks @notkadez! - Fix Stream.scoped and Channel.scoped so pull effects run with the scoped resource scope.
#2239 59aa334 Thanks @tim-smart! - fix RpcWorker Protocol service key
#2242 8f4208e Thanks @tim-smart! - Accept .mjs and .mts migration files in SQL migrator loaders.

4.0.0-beta.70

Patch Changes

#2228 af7782d Thanks @avallete! - Add Command.withHidden to hide subcommands from --help output, shell completions, and “did you mean?” suggestions, while keeping them fully invocable by exact name.

Useful for experimental or internal subcommands that should be accepted but not advertised on the public CLI surface.
```
import { Command } from "effect/unstable/cli";

const experimental = Command.make("experimental").pipe(Command.withHidden);

const root = Command.make("mycli").pipe(
  Command.withSubcommands([experimental]),
);
```
#2244 7212d70 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix TestClock adjustment when its layer is provided to programs run without an ambient Scope.

4.0.0-beta.71

Patch Changes

#2252 d8ac76b Thanks @tim-smart! - Added Schedule.tap, which allows observing full schedule metadata without altering schedule inputs or outputs.
#2261 2c3c00a Thanks @gcanti! - Add JSON Schema custom annotation passthrough option, closes #2260
#2269 3751e7c Thanks @gcanti! - Schema: reintroduce .value on Schema.Array and Schema.NonEmptyArray for consistency with other collection wrappers (Chunk, HashSet, etc.), closes #2268.
#2272 fc5f25b Thanks @gcanti! - Clarify that Data.$is(tag) only checks the _tag field, not the full structure, closes #2271.
#2257 7ccced4 Thanks @bwbuchanan! - Fixed the catch* combinators silently dropping unhandled error types
#2263 a2e1fe5 Thanks @patroza! - Use WeakMap for pendingBatches instead of Map, to allow GC to collect resolvers
#2266 4a4a36b Thanks @gcanti! - Fix schema arbitrary constraints for exclusive BigInt, Date, and integer number bounds.
#2249 d350292 Thanks @tim-smart! - allow encoding Redacted by default, and add option to disallow encoding
#2276 730afb6 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix AtomRef notifications when a listener re-subscribes itself during notification.
#2250 df1b008 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Argument.variadic(argument) so it supports direct calls without options.
#2277 6d469d5 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix string messages and annotations being double-quoted by simple and logfmt loggers.

4.0.0-beta.72

Patch Changes

#2287 73e67d1 Thanks @tim-smart! - Ensure ClusterWorkflowEngine routes durable clock wakeups and registered workflow deferred completions through the owning workflow’s shard group.
#2286 01d71ec Thanks @tim-smart! - Add default value support to Prompt.file.
#2285 fcd707e Thanks @tim-smart! - Add default value support to CLI integer prompts.

4.0.0-beta.73

Patch Changes

#2291 361ca30 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add HttpApiSecurity.http for passing custom schemes
#2289 b9598c6 Thanks @tim-smart! - make EntityResource lazy by default

4.0.0-beta.74

Patch Changes

#2295 b1fc6a4 Thanks @jgoux! - Fix CLI parsing so command-local flags can override globals without breaking global flags before subcommands.

4.0.0-beta.75

Patch Changes

#2294 81b187c Thanks @mattiamanzati! - Align workflow tags with RPCs by changing Workflow.make to accept the tag as its first argument, exposing workflow tags as _tag, and supporting class MyWorkflow extends Workflow.make(...) {}.
#2312 ad4b535 Thanks @gcanti! - Validate Schema.StructWithRest fixed fields against rest index signatures at the type level so schemas cannot be constructed with incompatible decoded, encoded, or make shapes. This keeps StructWithRest types sound and updates the generated OpenAI conversation-items request schema to keep accepting arbitrary additional fields under the stricter validation.
#2314 a29c2e7 Thanks @gcanti! - Preserve Schema.Redacted options when roundtripping through schema representations. This keeps label validation and disallowJsonEncode behavior intact when schemas are revived from a representation or emitted through code generation.
#2298 1fdd9ae Thanks @gcanti! - Remove the Types.MergeRecord alias. Use Types.MergeLeft instead.
#2298 1fdd9ae Thanks @gcanti! - Align Schema adapter failures: Schema result, promise, and sync adapters now surface SchemaError, while SchemaParser result, promise, and sync adapters expose SchemaIssue.Issue. Mark SchemaParser option adapters as internal because their error details are discarded.
#2313 ffea4ec Thanks @MohanedMashaly! - Add -v alias for version flag
#2306 4255c9b Thanks @sam-goodwin! - Fix HttpApiSecurity bearer/http credential decoding

4.0.0-beta.76

Patch Changes

#2320 016108a Thanks @gcanti! - Add Schema.isGUID and update Schema.isUUID to accept the RFC 9562 max UUID.
#2319 95c03d2 Thanks @fubhy! - Add support for configuring Scalar API reference pages with a custom fetch implementation.
#2318 07299a3 Thanks @gcanti! - Replace the Schema.Error and Schema.Defect schema constants with constructor functions, Schema.Error() and Schema.Defect().

Unify Schema.ErrorWithStack into Schema.Error({ includeStack: true }) and Schema.DefectWithStack into Schema.Defect({ includeStack: true }).

Error causes are encoded by default using the same JSON defect encoding semantics used by Schema.Defect; pass { excludeCause: true } to omit nested cause data.

Equivalent Schema.Error and Schema.Defect options are canonicalized, so repeated constructor calls with the same option values reuse the same schema.

Schema.Defect() now models defects as unknown values with a JSON encoded form. Error-shaped JSON objects with a string message decode to JavaScript Error values, so non-Error objects such as { message: "boom" } do not round-trip unchanged. Other non-Error values are normalized through JSON serialization, with non-JSON values falling back to Effect’s formatted string representation.

4.0.0-beta.77

Patch Changes

#2326 6e9a5ca Thanks @fubhy! - Prefer OTEL resource environment variables over explicit OtlpResource.fromConfig options.
#2325 302f398 Thanks @fubhy! - Add OTEL environment variable configuration for unstable OTLP observability.

4.0.0-beta.78

Patch Changes

#2333 7836b8e Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Schema.Defect JSON encoding for Error values whose message property is not a string.
#2329 35d49a3 Thanks @alvarosevilla95! - Retry Redis scripts after NOSCRIPT and declare the token bucket refill key
#2334 4093258 Thanks @tim-smart! - clean up otlp config

4.0.0-beta.79

Patch Changes

#2364 b9704dc Thanks @mikearnaldi! - Fix module-level side effects that defeated bundler tree-shaking.

Bare top-level statements cannot be #__PURE__-annotated by the build, so bundlers must retain them and everything they reference, even in bundles that never use the code:
- Option: the standalone Object.defineProperty(SomeProto, "valueOrUndefined", ...) statement anchored the whole Option proto chain into every bundle. It is now folded into the SomeProto initializer.
- Headers: same pattern with Object.defineProperties(Proto, ...), folded into the initializer.
- Logger: module-level process.stdout.isTTY property reads (potential getters, never droppable) moved inside consolePretty.
- Utils: when internalCall was unused, its dropped binding left behind a retained initializer tail (standard/forced probe with computed property reads). The selection is now wrapped in a single pure-annotated call.
A minimal Effect.succeed(123).pipe(Effect.runFork) bundle shrinks by ~1.3% gzipped; bundles that don’t use Option or Headers no longer pay for them.
#2339 a207113 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix EntityManager defect restarts so in-flight requests are replayed instead of being dropped when the old entity scope is interrupted.
#2362 5e9b9e2 Thanks @fubhy! - Fix Graph traversal and shortest-path algorithms to traverse undirected edges independently of their stored source/target orientation.
#2366 7c128ae Thanks @IMax153! - Fix string seed encoding in Random.withSeed so short, trailing, and astral UTF-8 bytes affect deterministic streams.
#2352 0ada457 Thanks @alvarosevilla95! - Fix the Redis RateLimiterStore token-bucket failing with opaque errors under memory pressure: it now writes its keys with a TTL and guards against a missing refill timestamp.
#2359 d7cc5a2 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Struct key renaming and Schema.encodeKeys to support symbol keys, and reject duplicate encoded keys.
#2365 aad63be Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Schema encoding so container-level checks are validated against the decoded value instead of the encoded output.

Disallow adding checks directly to Schema.suspend(...); add the checks to the suspended schema instead.

Fix StructWithRest so index signatures do not re-parse or overwrite fixed properties.
#2342 09809f6 Thanks @gcanti! - Use generic ordered constraints for schema arbitrary derivation.

Range checks such as isGreaterThan, isLessThan, and isBetween now populate ctx.constraints.ordered instead of type-specific range fields on number, date, or bigint constraints. Custom toArbitrary annotations that read range constraints should migrate to ctx.constraints.ordered.

This also fixes BigDecimal arbitrary generation by adapting decimal bounds to the generated scale, avoiding invalid fast-check bigint ranges for narrow decimal intervals.
#2368 2fddda5 Thanks @IMax153! - Encode HTTP API client path parameters when building request URLs.
#2348 5f21768 Thanks @gcanti! - Update Schema arbitrary derivation to use the new filter metadata, candidate generation, optional derivation reports, recursion-aware generation, and the renamed OrderedConstraint<T> model.

Migration from the previous v4 API:
- Replace filter annotations from toArbitraryConstraint: constraint to arbitrary: { constraint }. When a filter cannot be described as a constraint, use arbitrary: { candidate } to add a weighted source that is still checked by the filter.
- Replace bucketed constraints with the flat Schema.Annotations.ToArbitrary.Constraint shape:
  - string.minLength, array.minLength, object property counts, collection sizes -> minLength
  - string.maxLength, array.maxLength, object property counts, collection sizes -> maxLength
  - string.patterns -> patterns
  - number.isInteger -> integer
  - number.noNaN -> noNaN
  - number.noDefaultInfinity -> noInfinity
  - date.noInvalidDate -> valid
  - array.comparator for uniqueness -> unique using Effect equality
  - ordered.min / minExcluded / max / maxExcluded -> ordered.minimum / exclusiveMinimum / maximum / exclusiveMaximum
- In arbitrary hooks, read context.constraint instead of context.constraints. Replace context.isSuspend with context.recursion; when combining finite and recursive branches, pass context.recursion to fc.oneof with the finite branch first.
- Generic declaration hooks now receive type parameters as { arbitrary, terminal }. Atomic declarations may still return a bare FastCheck.Arbitrary<T>, but generic declarations should return { arbitrary, terminal } when they can preserve a finite terminal branch.
- Schema.toArbitrary(schema, { report: true }) now returns { value, report }; without { report: true }, it keeps returning the arbitrary directly. Schema.toArbitraryLazy always returns a lazy arbitrary.
#2343 f27003e Thanks @MohanedMashaly! - Add meta-var that shows log level and bash options in command line.

4.0.0-beta.80

Patch Changes

#2205 d944330 Thanks @lloydrichards! - add support for merging external events into Prompt.custom render loops via an optional events dequeue and receive handler.

The prompt races user input against events from the dequeue, allowing background events to trigger re-renders without waiting for a keypress:

const eventQueue = yield * Queue.make<number>();

const prompt = Prompt.custom(
  { count: 0 },
  Queue.asDequeue(eventQueue), // <-- provide the event queue as a dequeue to the prompt
  {
    render: (state) => Effect.succeed(`Count: ${state.count}`),
    process: (input, state) =>
      Effect.succeed(
        Match.value(input).pipe(
          // handle user input
          Match.tag("Input", () => Action.Submit({ value: state.count })),
          // handle external events from the queue
          Match.tag("Event", (input) =>
            Action.NextFrame({ state: { count: state.count + input.value } }),
          ),
          Match.exhaustive,
        ),
      ),
    clear: () => Effect.succeed(""),
  },
);

#2369 f48659f Thanks @gcanti! - Round fractional durations symmetrically when normalizing to nanoseconds.
#2373 7652aaa Thanks @StarpTech! - Stream.fromReadableStream: swallow the reader.cancel() rejection in the finalizer. Cancelling the reader of an already-errored ReadableStream rejects with the stored error, which turned the typed onError failure into a defect.
#2371 98630b7 Thanks @gcanti! - Emit Schema.ObjectKeyword as an object-or-array JSON Schema union.
#2376 90ae23c Thanks @fubhy! - Add Graph.successors and Graph.predecessors, deprecate Graph.neighborsDirected, and fix graph algorithm edge cases around reversal, undirected edge queries, shortest-path weight validation, topological sort initials, and strongly connected components.

4.0.0-beta.81

Patch Changes

#2387 93cb4f8 Thanks @gcanti! - Config.withDefault now only recovers from missing data for literal/union schemas. Invalid present values now propagate validation errors instead of using the default, closes #2384.
#2388 60341d9 Thanks @gcanti! - Config.withDefault no longer recovers from schema filter failures. A filter failure means a present value reached refinement checks, so using the default could hide invalid configuration values.
#2389 1105ab5 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Schema.toTaggedUnion(...).isAnyOf narrowing for custom discriminant keys, closes #2386.

Previously, the type predicate always extracted union members by _tag, even when toTaggedUnion was created with a different discriminant key. Runtime behavior already used the supplied key, so this aligns the type-level narrowing with the existing runtime behavior.
#2270 4500fbf Thanks @IMax153! - Add HTTP API streaming response support

4.0.0-beta.82

Patch Changes

#2391 193690b Thanks @IMax153! - Fix HttpApiEndpoint endpoint error inference when success schemas include streams.

4.0.0-beta.83

Patch Changes

#2394 1f2e8ce Thanks @IMax153! - Fix published HttpApi declaration files by exporting schema metadata types referenced by public declarations.

4.0.0-beta.84

Patch Changes

#2420 87f52ba Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Effect.transposeOption for converting an Option<Effect<A, E, R>> into an Effect<Option<A>, E, R>.
#2374 b8ee07f Thanks @gcanti! - Import unconstrained JSON Schema nodes as Schema.Json instead of Schema.Unknown.
#2407 867c0d7 Thanks @gcanti! - Normalize error behavior for Schema and SchemaParser boundary APIs.

SchemaError now extends Data.TaggedError, so it is also a native Error. SchemaParser Promise APIs now reject an Error whose cause is the SchemaIssue.Issue for schema failures.

Schema and SchemaParser Effect and Exit adapters now preserve full causes while mapping schema issue failures to their public error type. The is, asserts, Promise, Sync, Result, Option, make, and makeOption adapters now distinguish schema issues from non-schema causes. Schema-only failures are converted to the adapter’s normal representation (false, rejected or thrown schema error, Result.fail, or None), while non-schema causes throw or reject with an Error whose cause is the underlying Cause.
#2409 b93bc6c Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Stream.runForEachWhile so it continues across chunk boundaries while the predicate returns true and stops when the predicate returns false.
#2424 57d387f Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix cluster workflow activity defect hydration
#2403 bacca41 Thanks @lloydrichards! - align ProcessInput.Input runtime field name with type definition on Prompt.custom
#2423 0f8ac79 Thanks @tim-smart! - RpcGroup.toHandlers is definition first
#2383 25b4482 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix config path composition and directory-backed lookup behavior.

ConfigProvider.orElse now keeps each side’s own nested and mapInput behavior. Applying nested or mapInput to a combined provider now applies the same transformation to both sides.

ConfigProvider path transformations now compose as a single path function. This makes nested and mapInput behave consistently with normal function composition.

Config.nested now tracks the logical config path in Config itself instead of wrapping the provider. This keeps lookup paths and schema error paths aligned. The low-level Config.make constructor is no longer exported; use config constructors and combinators, or implement custom lookup behavior with ConfigProvider.make.

ConfigProvider.fromDir now returns undefined when neither a file nor a directory exists at the requested path, so orElse can fall back instead of failing with SourceError.
#2415 9cf3a25 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Effect.try thunk usage and Effect.tryPromise mapper and signal handling defects.

Effect.try now supports passing a thunk directly, matching Effect.tryPromise. Thrown values from direct-thunk usage are mapped to Cause.UnknownError.

When a promise handled by Effect.tryPromise rejected and the custom catch mapper threw while mapping that rejection, the effect could remain pending and produce an unhandled rejection. The mapper is now guarded consistently with the synchronous throw path, so a thrown mapper error becomes an Effect defect. The JSDoc for Effect.try and Effect.tryPromise was also corrected.

Effect.tryPromise now also only creates an AbortController when the wrapped thunk declares an AbortSignal parameter.
#2417 8def767 Thanks @tim-smart! - deduplicate SqlResolver.findById requests

4.0.0-beta.85

Patch Changes

#2436 328d97c Thanks @MohanedMashaly! - change default operation in redis from LPUSH TO RPUSH
#2431 8441836 Thanks @gcanti! - Derive template literal arbitraries from encoded parts, closes #2414.
#2439 074e436 Thanks @gcanti! - Allow schema class .extend to accept a Struct and preserve checks from the extension schema, closes #2419.
#2444 c1dfd60 Thanks @bweis! - Avoid throwing when Error.stackTraceLimit is non-writable (frozen intrinsics / SES / deterministic sandboxes such as Temporal).

Effect manipulates Error.stackTraceLimit in several internal spots to capture short or empty stack traces cheaply. In hardened environments where Error is frozen and stackTraceLimit is read-only, assigning to it throws, which broke Effect entirely. Stack-trace-limit manipulation is now best-effort and silently no-ops when the property cannot be modified, mirroring Node’s own internal guard. Behavior in normal (writable) environments is unchanged.
#2425 2ba316b Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Random.choice for selecting a random element from an iterable.
#2434 7ce7344 Thanks @gcanti! - Use semantic matching for TemplateLiteral parsing and index signature keys

Replace regex-based TemplateLiteral parsing with backtracking segmentation over template literal parts, applying part checks during matching.

Use schema membership when selecting Record index signature keys, including checked string, number, symbol, and TemplateLiteral parameters. Tighten valid index signature parameters on both type and encoded sides, and preserve key parameter semantics in codec transformations.

4.0.0-beta.86

Patch Changes

#2462 0b5795a Thanks @tim-smart! - Add Statement.valuesUnprepared for returning unprepared SQL statement rows as arrays.
#2455 3e3a859 Thanks @fubhy! - Fix Cron.next skipping earlier matching days when the upcoming day-of-month does not exist in the current month.
#2454 7dbec24 Thanks @StarpTech! - Exclude response metadata from HTTP server span failures after response headers have been sent.
#2449 d8c00a1 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Schema handling of encoded-side checks for container ASTs.

Checks added after flip are now preserved as encodingChecks across Declaration, Arrays, Objects, and Union, even when rebuilding the AST does not change child nodes. toType now projects those checks consistently, and parsing applies encoded-side checks to the local encoded value when an encoding chain is present without allowing encoded-side parseOptions annotations to affect the current parser side.
#2446 85b6317 Thanks @IMax153! - Allow schemas provided to CLI flags / arguments to utilize the environment required by the CLI
#2452 6d0fda0 Thanks @gcanti! - Remove the keepDeclarations option from Schema.toCodecStringTree.
#2461 108a933 Thanks @tim-smart! - Fail RpcClient HTTP requests with a defect when the response stream closes before the request receives a terminal response.
#2442 7e1f455 Thanks @gcanti! - Improve Schema type-level performance by lazily computing schema views, specializing common struct projections, and using lighter schema constraints at API boundaries that do not need the full schema protocol.

This also adds the Schema type-performance benchmark suite, introduces Schema.toCodecArrayFromSingle, preserves canonical StringTree array codecs, renames the arbitrary-generation annotation constraint for clarity, and updates affected codec, parser, channel, SQL, HTTP API, persistence, RPC, AI, OpenAPI, and workflow typings to match the refined Schema surface.
#2464 46b3e79 Thanks @tim-smart! - do not use performance.timeOrigin and calculate origins lazily

4.0.0-beta.87

Patch Changes

#2468 5a0c1a4 Thanks @gcanti! - Expose the original input schema on Schema.toType, Schema.toEncoded, Schema.toCodecJson, and Schema.toCodecStringTree results via the schema property. This aligns these schema wrappers with other wrappers that retain their source schema for type-level and runtime introspection.
#2466 1eea2ea Thanks @gcanti! - Use URL.canParse to validate URL string schema decoding before constructing a URL. This avoids relying on thrown exceptions for routine validation while preserving the same invalid URL issue and successful decode output.

4.0.0-beta.88

Patch Changes

#2472 911f1b8 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add adaptive consume and feedback operations to the unstable persistent RateLimiterStore API, including in-memory and Redis-backed bounded cooldown, learning, learned pacing, and expiry behavior for 429 Retry-After feedback.
#2457 8beeeea Thanks @P0lip! - Localize missing rpc method errors to the provided request id
#2428 c306fcf Thanks @MrGovindan! - Add isOpen to Latch to allow querying the latch’s open state

4.0.0-beta.89

Patch Changes

#2475 b7d46ab Thanks @tim-smart! - Update Schema.Void to model ignored void return values.

Runtime parsing now accepts any present value and discards it as undefined. This matches TypeScript void return values, where callers do not observe the returned value. Use Schema.Undefined when the input must be exactly undefined.
#2479 7777e15 Thanks @tim-smart! - Add custom error callbacks to Effect.fromOption.
#2480 5376197 Thanks @tim-smart! - render causes in OtlpTracer exception events

4.0.0-beta.90

Patch Changes

#2483 d237fdf Thanks @tim-smart! - Fix Config.schema so missing array values are treated as missing data, allowing Config.withDefault to apply.

4.0.0-beta.91 Latest

Patch Changes

#2498 b135b25 Thanks @gcanti! - Fix Schedule.andThenResult to emit self outputs as Failure and other outputs as Success, closes #2497.
#2488 aaa21a3 Thanks @fubhy! - Fix String.camelCase and String.pascalCase handling of numeric word segments, and add String.configCase for configuration key casing.
#2485 3475ee6 Thanks @tim-smart! - fix RequestResolver interruption